Mapulasitiki alowa m'mbali zonse za moyo wathu-kuyambira m'kapu yamadzi yam'mawa yomwe timamasula kupita ku chidebe cha nkhomaliro chomwe timapita kukatsukidwa m'mano usiku. Zinthu zopepuka, zolimba, komanso zotsika mtengozi zasinthanso chitukuko cha anthu ndi pulasitiki yake yodabwitsa. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa kusinthaku kwabwino kumeneku, pulasitiki yapawiri yakhala ikuwonekera bwino kwambiri: zonsezi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu apite patsogolo komanso zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi.
I. Kubadwa ndi Kutuluka kwa Pulasitiki: Kusintha kwa Zida
Mu 1907, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Belgium-wa ku America, Leo Baekeland, anapanga pulasitiki yoyamba yopangidwa mwathunthu-phenolic resin (yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti "Bakelite")-kutsimikizira kupanga mankhwala oyamba a zinthu zomwe sizinapezeke m'chilengedwe. M'zaka za zana lotsatira, mazana a mapulasitiki, kuphatikizapo polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET), anatulukira, aliyense wokometsedwa pa zosowa zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, PET, yokhala ndi kuwonekera kwambiri komanso kukana kwamphamvu, idakhala chisankho chokonda mabotolo a zakumwa; pamene polyethylene, ndi kusinthasintha kwake ndi katundu wosalowa madzi, inakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuchokera ku matumba apulasitiki kupita ku pulasitiki.
Kukwera kwa pulasitiki kumabwera chifukwa cha zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu: mtengo wotsika (chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kwamafuta a petroleum byproducts), opepuka (kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamayendedwe ndi chimodzi-chakhumi chokha cha chitsulo), ndi kukana dzimbiri (kusamva ma acid, alkalis, ndi chinyezi). Zinthu izi zapangitsa kuti zisinthe mwachangu zida zachikhalidwe. Zaka za m'ma 1950 zisanachitike, 90% ya zotengera zapadziko lonse lapansi zidadalira galasi kapena chitsulo, koma masiku ano zotengera zapulasitiki zimapitilira 40%.
II. "Othandizira Padziko Lonse" Okhazikika Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku
Anthu amakono amadalira mapulasitiki pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe amachita:
•Zachipatala: Masyrinji otayira, machubu a IV, masks, ndi zinthu zina zimadalira kuuma ndi chitetezo cha mapulasitiki, kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga-matenda;
• Zamagetsi: Makapu a foni yam'manja, makiyibodi apakompyuta, ndi kutchinjiriza kwa waya wamagetsi zonse zimapangidwa ndi mapulasitiki a engineering (monga ABS), omwe amaphatikiza mphamvu ndi kutsekereza;
•Kunyumba: Kuyambira pa zoseweretsa za ana mpaka zida za mipando, mapulasitiki amapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri kudzera mu jekeseni ndipo amakhala chinyezi-chosamva komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo-kuposa matabwa;
•Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Zaulimi: Ukadaulo wa mulching umadalira filimu ya polyethylene kuti itchingire ndi kusunga chinyezi, kukulitsa zokolola ndi 30%.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwatsopano kwa "microplastics"-tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepera 5 mm m'mimba mwake amawonjezedwa ku mankhwala otsukira m'mano ndi kumaso monga zotsuka, kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga-zinthu zophatikizika kwambiri (monga mapulasitiki a carbon fiber reinforced), kukankhira malire aukadaulo.
III. Mtengo Wachilengedwe Womwe Siungathe Kunyalanyazidwa
Komabe, kulimbikira kwa mapulasitiki (komwe kumatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti awonongeke mwachilengedwe) kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi matani 400 miliyoni a pulasitiki amapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse, pomwe 9% yokha ndi yomwe imasinthidwanso, ndipo ambiri amathera kutayira kapena kunyanja. Panopa “chilumba chotaya zinyalala” cha ku Pacific chili kukula kuwirikiza katatu kuposa dziko la France, ndipo nyama za m’madzi zoposa miliyoni imodzi zimafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chodya pulasitiki. Chiwopsezo chobisika kwambiri ndi kuyipitsidwa kwa microplastic-asayansi atulukira m'magazi a munthu, thumba la mphuno, ngakhale mkaka wa m'mawere, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake pa umoyo wa nthawi yaitali{6}}zikufufuzidwabe.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, mayiko achitapo kanthu: Bungwe la EU lakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa -kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapulasitiki, dziko la China lakhazikitsa ndondomeko yowonjezereka ya "pulasitiki yoletsa" (kuletsa{1}}matumba apulasitiki osawonongeka pofika chaka cha 2025), ndipo makampani akufulumizitsa kupanga-mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio (monga PLAable materials (monga PLAable materials) opangidwa kuchokera ku biodegrad Ogula athanso kuthandizira pogwiritsanso ntchito zikwama zogulira, kusankha katundu wosapakidwa, komanso kusanja bwino ndikukonzanso mabotolo a PET.
Kutsiliza: Kupeza Zolinga
Pulasitiki wokha si wochimwa mwachibadwa; chinsinsi chagona pa mmene moyo wake umayendera. Ngakhale kuti timasangalala ndi kusamalidwa bwino kumene kumabweretsa, tiyeneranso kuchita zonse zimene wogula angachite ndi udindo-pambuyo pake, kuteteza tsogolo la dziko lapansi kumayamba ndi kusamalitsa mosamala chilichonse chapulasitiki. Monga momwe akatswiri a zachilengedwe amanenera, "Sitinatenge dziko lapansi, tidabwereka kwa ana athu." Kubwezeretsa pulasitiki ku chiyambi chake monga "chida" osati cholemetsa pa chitukuko chingakhale ntchito yomwe mbadwo wathu uyenera kuthana nayo.
